shaolin monk europe

January 15th, 2021 / High-Performance, Wisdom. I dont mind if theyve never done any [], In the age of social media, manypeople train for a body they perceive looks attractive to other people. Master Shaolin Temple Europe For more than 30 years, Master Shi Heng Yi has been studying and practicing the interaction between mind and body. Well, the bricks or stones are your muscles, and then it seems that the joints are the mortar, but no, it is not, at least in Kung Fu and Qi Gong, its the. Shaolin monks famously fought for Li Shimin against the warlord Wang Shichong. The Discipleship lasts for a period of 1 year. As a general outline, this is an overview of the 4 practical categories that you will focus on during your practice: 1. 12. Created for dedicated practicioners and everyone who is eager to learn more about Kung Fu, Qi Gong and the Shaolin Arts. Shaolin Warriorsbelieve that the time they eat is as important as what they eat. (2021, September 8). One of the famous phrases of the day was the following: you only get to that place when you push yourself. Instructions on the practice: What to do? This might have finally been the end of Shaolin, if not for the 1982 film "Shaolin Shi"or "Shaolin Temple," featuring the debut of Jet Li (Li Lianjie). You don't expect, even if you manage your expectations correctly, to start this wildly. If you can master only one of them, you will have acquired a precious art that is more valuable than changing stones into gold by touch, according to a popular saying. 3. Still, by the 1500s, the monks of Shaolin were famous for their staff-fighting skills. Despite a number of attempts to erase the temple, it survives and even thrives today at the base of the Songshan Range. We eat our heaviest food at breakfast because we need this energy for training, a slightly lighter lunch then less food in the evening. He famously refused to teach Huike, a Chinese disciple, and Huike cut off his own arm to prove his sincerity, becoming the Bodhidharma's first student as a result. I still dont understand why I didnt vomit. Without stamina, theres no training. I noticed that I didnt stop observing our Sifu throughout the practice. Curriculum vitae in a tabular form (printed if possible), Photo(s) several photos can be submitted, If the applicant is already a Buddhist, confirmation by the temple or teacher in whose care he has been to date that this is the case. Master Shi Heng Yi belongs to the 35th Generation of Shaolin and is the headmaster of the Shaolin Temple Europe located in Otterberg Germany. This is something that can be better explained with the following simile building a solid, strong and resistant wall: for this, you must concentrate on the mortar, that is the key because it is just what connects one brick with another, what sticks a piece with the other. Below you will find a typical daily schedule: 09.00 a.m. The Shaolin Temple Europe is eager to share the wisdom, which has been developed since more then 1519 years to help the people in this modern society. For breakfast this time, I put the porridge aside and just had raisins, sunflower seeds, apple, and oat milk for breakfast. He is the Chairman of the Henan Province Buddhists Association, a representative of the Ninth National People's Congress and also one of the first Chinese monks ever to get an MBA degree. Soon, the country once more dissolved into the fiefs of competing warlords. is a buddhist monastery in Otterberg / Germany. and he did. Lower-Dantian: spiritual and mental part. Unlimited Live Online Virtual classes for teaching, practise, sparing scheduled in Asiapac, European, American time zones taught by Shaolin Temple UK Shifus beaming in from UK, China, Japan, Mongolia, Slovenia and Greece every week day. As Master Shi Heng Yi explained that the key to both Qi Gong and Kung-fu is to connect your whole body as if it were a single, solid block. (Summary of the highlights of the 3 hours that Abbot Shi Heng Zong was answering the questions that we were asking in the pagoda of the Shaolin Temple Europe below youll find the result of what I perceived as the most interesting according to my own experience and judgment), (As the sessions at the Shaolin Temple Europe intensified, there was less time, desire and energy to write, so I took notes when I could), (Annotations with the highlights of the day, with the difference that I havent structured it by activities as in the previous days), (This was the last day of what is known as the Shaolin Temple Europe Bootcamp, so I closely followed what seemed the most remarkable, which I share below), (Notes taken from the answers I found most significant). On this occasion, we had to remove weeds from various places where the crops were grown. The BBC travelled to the. Legend states that a Bodhisattva, disguised as a kitchen worker, saved the temple, but it was in fact burned to the ground. Even when studying under a master, we dont receive that [], When a novicemonk arrives at the temple, the first thing they have to attain isstamina. A curious fact was that in all that time our Master. Theory / Training / Working Time In the words of Master Shi Heng Yi: Kung fu is an art that you cannot master in a single lifetime. I have been training at the Shaolin Temple UK for many years. Forms and Combat applications; Force Training Principles and Methods; Energy Training and Mind Training; Secrets of the Masters; Traditional Chinese Weapons; Maintaining ones Health and Vitality; Interesting stories about the Shaolin and Zen; Zen and Spiritual Development. - Mastering the German or English language and at. Some people believe that all Buddhists are vegetarian but the historical Buddha was not a vegetarian. Send us your application now to become a Disciple at the Shaolin Temple Europe! This is not to entertain you; you are not our client; this is not Disneyland Paris; this is not designed to keep you happy and satisfied all day. You can be good in some of the parts, but not in all. The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple is a Chan Buddhist temple and famous for its Chinese martial arts. Pizza is high calories with very little nutritional benefit. Shi Yongxin (Chinese: ; pinyin: Sh Yngxn) is the current abbot of the Shaolin Temple.He is the thirteenth successor after Shi Xingzheng. It was two hours, as Ben (a Shaolin Temple Europe disciple who comes from the US and has trained with the Marines) said, of Shaolins version of Navy SEAL training. Im not a fan of energy drinks or protein shakes. In the end, sit-ups, hold between two and three minutes and then finish with an Indian race, a relay format but in an individual row. Sifu admitted that the work that matters in life (and this resonated enormously with me) is about adjusting, transforming and prototyping something about yourself at every possible moment. Shaolins three martial arts Qi Gong, Kung Fu, and Meditation are living treasures. There are three main aims in practising Shaolin Kung Fu: Profound concepts and difficult techniques are explained systematically with both on-premise at the Shaolin Temple in London or online virtual live classes, video library and 1-on-1 private training. In 1511, 70 monks died fighting bandit armies and between 1553 and 1555, the monks were mobilized to fight in at least four battles against Japanese pirates. It is not only very effective for self-defense, but it also provides an excellent system for developing such qualities as perseverance, tolerance, courage, discipline, and the ability to make fast, sound decisions qualities which, in our modern law-abiding society, are probably more useful than mere fighting skills. How do they influence each other every time they hit each other? Beautiful and peaceful temple with lovely people. Shaolin's monks are now among the best known on Earth, and they put on martial arts displays in world capitals withliterally thousands of films having been made about their exploits. If this is the case: For students from East Asian and Southeast Asian countries (list of countries see below) we have the possibility to grant scholarships. The combination between postures, when you practice Qi Gong, where you hold for 13 minutes, and a mix between HIIT and Calisthenics exercises. When I was training at the Shaolin Temple, we didnt even have a camera. In 2007, Shaolin was the driving force behind a local government plan to float shares in tourism assets. This applies to persons who come directly from these countries or come from these countries or whose parents come from these countries. Others were new, but they werent fluent, it was holding them and getting into position, I guess to build confidence. Once this was explained and put to practice, thats what I felt: everything disappears, you feel that your body, your mind and your spirit are unified. The history of Shaolin begins about 1500 years ago, when a stranger arrived in China from lands to the west, bringing with him a new interpretation religion and spans all the way to modern-day China where tourists from around the world come to experience displays of their ancient martial arts and teachings. Shaolin monks can perform seemingly impossible feats of mental and physical prowess. If we dont stay calm, we wont be able to see clearly. Morning unit 8.00 a.m. Breakfast 09.00 a.m. We rarely eat beef. We were training as if we were in hell from 3 pm to 5 pm. Another plus . They follow the life of a Buddhist monk. A day with a very intense run, 2 kilometres. The monks had learned caution, however, and empty-hand fighting began to displace weapons training it was best not to seem too threatening to the throne. All your support is greatly appreciated Write review here https://bit.ly/3e13woWOfficial website of the Monastery: Website: http://www.SHAOLINTEMPLE.eu Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/shaolintemple.europeFree videos and Online Trainings: Website: http://www.shihengyi.online Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/shihengyi.online#ShaolinTempleEurope #Documentary #TheMiddleWay A study from the University of Texas showed that the fewer calories people ate early in the day, the more total calories they ate during the day as a whole. When National Geographic chronicled the final hours of a master named Yang Guiwu, they also pointed out the irony that it was his lungs that had failed first. Article. I have to admit that I was so focused, awake and flowing that I had a freak out after I finished. You also gain the possibility to become a lay monk/ nun (Bodhisattva ordination) or even a novice of the Shaolin Temple Europe (provided the leadership of the Order considers the candidate suitable for this). I decided to commit to spending as much time as possible with my eyes closed to see what happened. ThoughtCo, Sep. 8, 2021, thoughtco.com/history-of-the-shaolin-monks-195814. what's in a shaolin monk's refrigerator? However, whoever does nothing out of personal responsibility will not be able to progress or pass any exams. All existing school and vocational training degrees, diplomas, reference letters, etc. The Shaolin Monastery is the most famous temple in China, renown for its kung fu fighting Shaolin monks. Whatever you do, do it with all the concentration you have., Sifu also told us about the three areas of human alignment, called. A retreat can either be a 3-day Retreat (Friday - Sunday) or a 6-day Retreat (Monday - Saturday). Remember, if you dont eat well then you cant train well. Formerly, these Shaolin treasures were kept within a monastery, taught only to those who had proven themselves worthy of these fascinating arts. We were always almost at the limit, how? Therefore, mainly Qi Gong but also in Kung Fu is about recognizing, differentiating and feeling the fascia that runs through your body at the points where you want to feel it, so you are connected as Master Shi Heng Yi describes. 20:05Why are there so many variations of this routine? Practicing without clear intent is useless, no matter which form you choose. This video is one of the more simple forms that I practice. MonthFlexibility and Motion Training, 10. At first, Mao's government did not bother with what was left of Shaolin. He taught three students who were said to be exceptionally skilled at martial arts. It also means, that you are getting to know and study more about Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, as well as Kung Fu, Qi Gong, and other Shaolin arts. The monks use Qi Gong and a special method of breathing with the lower abdomen to transform their bodies into armor. Something surprisingly nice that I noticed was that I was more prepared than I thought because I realized how demanding those two hours were. I teach the same in my books and DVDs asI learnt at the Shaolin Temple. Also known as Shaolin Wushu, Shaolin Kung Fu is one of the oldest institutions of Chinese martial arts, with its origins in the legendary Shaolin Temple at Henan, China and a history that spans over 1,500 years. 1.3M views 11 years ago Saturday, May 21, 2011: Opening Demonstration by Shaolin Warrior Monks. While I know some of my students like to use them I dont believe they are necessary. The Qianlong Emperor even visited Shaolin in 1750and wrote poetry about its beauty, but later banned monastic martial arts. MonthNourishing and Strengthening of Body and Mind, 7. View casting suggestions for Mortal Kombat Shaolin Monks - Wu Shi Academy (Chinese Version), and make your own suggestions for roles you think they should play in upcoming films! Pain is a fact; suffering is optional Shi Heng Zong. Discipleship is completed after 1 year. We did a kind of one-hour HIIT training, at a demand level that I had never experienced. During this mega-session of 1:45 hours of stretching and flexibility until reaching no pain or making you cry, I discovered a new level of pain, the one in which you laugh out loud (hard to believe, but true, at least for me). When you train and do it in a demanding, disciplined and solid way, it never goes on the outside, but on the inside. Consideration: on this day I decided to fast, drinking only liquids: The first training of the day was two hours: 5 kilometres of running + medium level stretching. Im not suggesting you get up at 5 am like we do at the temple but make sure that you eat a good breakfast within an hour of waking. After the Song fell to invaders, the Mongol Yuan Dynastyruled until 1368, destroying the Shaolin once more as its empire crumbled during the 1351 Hongjin (Red Turban) rebellion. Natural Food Shaolin Warriors focus on eating foods in their natural state. Welcome training at Shaolin Temple Europe: (Learnings, discoveries and impressions) Brutal training like never before, long, with endless repetitions, maintaining postures. Reflection: an answer does not guarantee that our internal judgement is right or wrong. I dont think it was a coincidence. Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing, 13 Luohan), Meditation retreats and Rou Quan retreats.If you are interested in joining any of these retreats, please take a look at all dates that are published on the website of the monastery: Website: https://www.SHAOLINTEMPLE.eu Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/shaolintemple.europeAd-free videos and Online Trainings are freely available on: Website: https://www.shihengyi.online Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/shihengyi.online Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/shihengyi.onlineDon't forget to subscribe to receive new updates and content1 Minute to support us If you like what we're doing or are enjoying our published videos and content, please give us a rating on our Facebook-Site and write a review or rate us on the Google-Site. Shaolin Temple UK207A Junction RoadTufnell ParkLondon N19 5QA, Tel: 02076878333Email: info@shaolintempleuk.org. It is important to know that there is strict discipline. shaolin diet, The Secret Training Of A Novice Shaolin Monk, Fit Is Not Healthy: A Shaolin Monks Guide To Exceptional Wellness. This is my favourite jade because of the striking colour and texture. That is the objective of the practices that we carry out in Shaolin Temple Europe . The day starts at 7 am, so if we compare it to something like Vipassana (which at 5 am you are already meditating), it is quite bearable. We would be happy if we could inspire you to explore this uncommon journey with us and to learn more about this ancient culture and way of living. 2000-2018 "The Legend of Shaolin Monk Warriors." Guess how this first training started, with a 7km run at an average of 4:25 min/km. Reigning European vaulting champion Jannis Drewell . We didnt run, but there was a lot of movement. These are the core mental states that prevent us from seeing clearly, making smart decisions, achieving our goals . Every morning for the Shaolin monks starts with 2 hours of meditation before sunrise which is followed by a rapid climbing of more than 1,000 stairs and hundreds of other exercises. Shaolin Kungfu Stage Drama SUTRA Performed in Geneva Gaining Popularity 2023-02-23 The Group of the UK Shaolin Xiu Culture Centre Holds a Series of Activities about the Spread of Shaolin Culture 2023-02-23 The First Preparatory Meeting of the 5th Shanliang Festival Hosted at the Baitu Temple, the Ancestral Monastery of Medicine Buddha 2023-02-22 The Shaolin temple, perhaps best known as a place where a monk called Grasshopper and a shaven-headed David Carradine practised martial arts moves in the 1970s TV show Kung Fu, is at the centre of . Foods have Yin and Yang qualities and we alter what we eat in accordance with how our health is that day. We are very glad to present to you our official online training platform: In the past 35 years of engaging various Martial Art Systems and also different Shaolin Practices, there were countless different methods, techniques and ways of practicing depending on the emphasis of what that system aims to provide. However, when I took on the suggestion, I realized that he had been smiling for some time. $31.67 (20% off) Shaolin Temple, China Premium T-Shirt. - Fri. 6.00 a.m. Hearing this, I couldnt help but see how similar it is to the four dimensions of human potential that the. Carbohydrate The Difference Between East & West Before I came to the West Id never seen brown rice before. At the heart sits the historic Shaolin Temple, a world-famous Buddhist martial arts monastery built in 495 A.D. Wang and his brother continued to train, and about a year and a half later, they were accepted into the Shaolin Temple. But anyone who trains hard needs to eat carbohydrates. 9. My city is a three hour drive from the Gobi Desert. But you need to be still to find it. Created for dedicated practicioners and everyone who is eager to learn more about Kung Fu, Qi Gong and the Shaolin Arts. $18.73. Fighting Weight: Your 6 Step Plan To Staying At Your Optimal Weight For PeakPerformance. Shaolin Kung Fu (or Wushu, Martial arts) is one of the oldest, largest, and most famous styles of kung fu. (USA only, UK to follow in 2015). Learn more about the training methods to develop unity of body and mind, merging internal and external power.Every year there are several retreats that are taking place in the Shaolin Temple Europe , the monastery where I am living.A retreat can either be a 3-day Retreat (Friday - Sunday) or a 6-day Retreat (Monday - Saturday). This day did not pass without spending an hour ploughing field and removing thorns and brambles for 90 minutes. The monastery's business ventures include television and film productions. A warlord burned the temple down in 1928, so most structures are recently built. We add maintaining postures between five and six minutes and strength exercises with repetitions and balance and speed through coordinated commands. By cultivating their inner calmness, they are able to ward off mental, physical, and emotional stress. centurion100 rates this game: 5/5 Mortal Kombat - Shaolin Monks is a straight forward solo or two players game. Along with an assisted stretching practice that literally saved me from not being able to continue from here. . Self-reflection: our big problem is that our mind always turns to the same topic. This simple dish not only tastes great but helps to prevent cancer, the common cold, gives you your five a day, and cannot make you fat. While they were expected to live simply with few possessions, attend services at all hours of the day and night, and perhaps even take a vow of silence, monks could at least benefit from a secure roof over their heads. MonthClarity and Calmness of Mind. According to later, Chan or in Japanese, Zen Buddhist tradition, Batuo taught that Buddhism could best be transmitted from master to student, rather than through the study of Buddhist texts. It was based on Shaolin practices. The holistic approach is based upon daily observation and development of the monks and masters of the Shaolin Temple. Knowing the meaning of the word Ananta, which in Sanskrit means unlimited, infinite or eternal, it also means that everything changes. Kung Fu is practiced by many people who are unaware of its purposes. Yet Buddhism is generally considered to be a peaceful religion with an emphasis on principles such as non-violence, vegetarianism, and even self-sacrifice to avoid harming others how, then, did the monks of Shaolin Temple become fighters? Studies have shown that eating breakfast aids weight loss. I have arranged the sections by days, by activities and in a list format, for a greater understanding and to mention the most important parts more simply without having to read all the text. Easy to remember, clear to execute. You want more beautiful variations, go ahead. In 464 an Indian monk named Bada, the 28th successor in a line of religious leaders that could be traced back to Buddha, arrived in China to spread Buddhist teachings. The abbot said that the Samarians were the most infected people outside of the temples of Zen Buddhism. Sometimes we held postures for more than 5 minutes. Usually we start every kind of communication with a respectful bow, because this one little gesture keeps reminding us that that the person we are dealing with at this moment is currently the most important person for us. If they do, they rarely assess the progress of their kung Fu training based on these aims, with the unfortunate result that their undirected and purposeless training provides little benefit. What then does harmony mean? Shaolin Temple UK 207A Junction Road Tufnell Park London N19 5QA Furthermore you get the chance to get to know the community of the monastery and discuss the option of eventually becoming a novice of the Shaolin Temple Europe. . The importance of the Shaolin Virtues Self-mastery and self-control Love, compassion, forgiveness Standing up and keep moving Click to Listen Fighter Mindset: More then just fighting The way of the Shaolin is more than just fighting, but it is full of enriching wisdom and philosophy. How do you keep this in your mind continuously? ThoughtCo. Learn more And starting with an unannounced run below 4:30min/km that left us all breathless. Many approaches, training and teaching methods have direct effect on the 3 treasures of Shaolin: Mind, Heart and Body. Note: Archives are arranged by regions or folders; If page exceeds 1TB, it will span across multiple pages; Smaller files are compress as a single archive; . As they progressed, the previous thing was only the warm-up, then we began with Sifu Shi Heng Yi, the exercises of Kung-fu practice. This time I was sure that nothing could go wrong afterwards. Also, every two kilometres we stopped and did between 30 and 40 push-ups (all with clenched fists because thats how a Shaolin warrior trains)There were three 300-meter sprints with 20-25-30 push-ups before starting the series when we thought it was over. (Highlights, quotes and points of interest). Whats In A Shaolin WarriorsRefrigerator? The monks fought the pirates in at least four battles. A student asked about the concept of no atman, and I was amazed by Abbots answer in this regard: Buddhism makes it clear that the soul does not exist, it is only an illusion because people want to be more important than they are. I never heard of these things till I came to the UK. Discipleship means, that you are living and training in the Shaolin Temple Europe under the conditions and regulations of a monk or nun. However, in accordance with Marxist doctrine, the new government was officially atheist. Song. You better walk it with a smile - Shi Miao Hai. Lamb is usually grass fed which is better than grain fed, its Yang and is good to eat if people are low in energy. I took the opportunity to skip breakfast, take a morning nap, swap the food for a bone broth, extend the nap to an hour, recover, and then stretch and read. Every retreat is held under a specific topic, such as: Gong Fu, Qi Gong (e.g. )White rice is a source of dietary fiber, which is important for a healthy digestive system, it contains vitamin B1 and is low in fat. We drink water at room temperature, and lots of green tea. Start your personal journey towards Self-Mastery! Many of us look at a Shaolin Monks life and think its extreme but think of a Shaolin Monk like an Olympic champion, working hard [], The Shaolin Temple Abbot asked my brother and myself to come to the West because he didnt want so many Western students coming to the East. Other phrases that resonated with me were the following: If you dont sweat, youre not doing it right., If you dont tremble, it doesnt count., You are a single structure, where the points to watch are the joints., Distribute the energy throughout your body.. I was not going with the idea of achieving anything, nor was I going to exceed any limits or challenge myself. Then we moved on to strength exercises and carried the weight of others by carrying them in different wayslastly, Shaolin fighting positions. Connecting means that your body becomes one piece. And I was there, breathing, smiling, even out loud at times (inconceivably), especially when I couldnt take it anymore when my body was shaking and almost fainting. When you think it is impossible to be caught by surprise again by your own expectations, it goes and happens again Second run on the same day, and this time in an unofficial competition format, five kilometres. - Or 4500 to 21 years in the first year, or 5500 to 28 years, 6500 to 35 years and 7500 over 35 years, if the total amount is paid in 12 monthly installments, payable at the beginning of each month. We dont eat energy bars or cereal, we dont drink coca cola, protein shakes, alcohol, or water with ice. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Students . Take five vegetables, preferably five different colours, cut them thinly then stir fry them with ginger, garlic and chili. The Legend of Shaolin Monk Warriors. The temple's reputation received a serious blow during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 when Shaolin monks were implicated probably incorrectly in teaching the Boxers martial arts. You accept to live under monk respectively novice conditions? Legend says that a group of Shaolin monks rescued the Kangxi Emperor from nomads in 1674. Both the opening ceremony and the meditations were led by the novice Shi Miao Hai, a fascinating young man (over 25 years old) who I will interview the next time I go. 8 Brocade Read the description first by Shi Heng Yi. The goal was for every one of us to perform a hundred kicks at different heights and angles, first with the left and then with the right. Traditionally, monks would be given a bowl would have to beg for food as one of the rules was to only accept what was given. Official Delegation of the Shaolin Duan Pin System, Taoism, Confucianism, Comparative Religious Studies, Chinese Culture, History, Philosophy and Folk Religion. Eating before you exercise with enhance your martial arts training and increase fat burning. In 907, the Tang Dynasty fell and the chaotic 5 Dynasties and 10 Kingdom periods ensued with the Song family eventually prevailing and taking rulership of the region until 1279. Daily Food Our daily food is stir fried vegetables and protein with carbohydrate, the most common protein being lamb, chicken, pork or tofu (now that Im in the West I eat turkey and Quorn which is a good source of lean protein). Pushing and holding, both require the same effort and bring the same misery, you will never find peace in either of those parts. It is a thrilling adventure! . Help preserve, expand and develop together with the sangha of the Shaolin Temple Europe. To explain this peak experience (life experience), I have prepared a summary that contains the aspects that caught my attention, learnings and lessons, discoveries, impressions, quotes, explanations, stories and most relevant conclusions of living, studying, working and training at the Shaolin Temple Europe. At the end of the day, I realised what the teacher meant by being aware when one connects with oneself. $23.42 (20% off) Japanese temple with shaolin warrior Premium Scoop T-Shirt. Personal reflection: I realize, more and more, that if we observe what appears (for example, sorrow) and we connect it with its opposite (joy), both disappear, they are irrelevant. That way your mind and body will be in balance. With great appreciation for the possibility of learning from different teachers and masters, what you will encounter in the 12-Month Training Programm is a summary of different practical methods to develop very specific abilities each month! Every retreat is held under a specific topic, such as: Gong Fu, Qi Gong (e.g. Just like in life, you cant be good at everything, and the only thing worth being good at is what youre doing right now. 610.2M . This temple was named Shaolin, with "Shao" taken from Mount Shaoshi and "lin" meaning "grove" however, when Luoyang and the Wi Dynasty fell in 534, temples in the area were destroyed, possibly including Shaolin.

Chicago Tribune Inside Shopper Unsubscribe, Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 Upgrades, Articles S