Anemones, gorgonians, sponges, hydroids, rock scallops, tunicates, algae and bryozoans cover the surface of the rocks, while rockfish, sheephead and blacksmith swarm the edges. Photo of guests sitting in stadium seating in mid-section of brochure. We did not get a raincheck from the park. I visited once in 1979 and remember the trip well and have shared some photos in the set. Writes about science, technology and politics, mostly for his friends. It is likely I would never have done so if not for this park. Marineland was used as a filming location in an episode for the TV show Emergency! Marineland had the best publicity campaign of any theme park, actually entering into a contract with CBS Television. I remember going to Marineland shortly after my mom and dad drove us via Rte 66 from Illinois to California to live in 1965. Yearly losses of $2 million were projected unless improvements costing $25 million were undertaken. This pool would later be adapted to the new Seaside Stadium, the future home of Bubbles following the arrival of Orky 2 and Corky 2 in the early 1970's. Allen engages design architects andvisual artists toprepare comprehensive renderings of the"new marineland" - greatlyexpanding the park. Walking through this park was the begining of my love for sea life. 1962 Ninth Issue Brochure Believed to be the first combo artist's rendering and photographic cover. Marineland of the Pacific opened in Rancho Palos Verdes in 1954, one year before Disneyland, ten years before SeaWorld in San Diego and forty-four years before the Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach. The brochure is not only a conventional tri-fold, but it also opens up vertically to feature a 17" elongated photo of Marineland's new SkyTower. Southern California Attractions South Bay Socal Vintage Images Theme Park Reef Childhood Memories Diving Nostalgia More information . Now as an adult, we still see them but not jumping and leaping like we did when we were kids. The first time I went was with my 2nd grade class on a field trip and the following year with family. Beginning in 45 feet you can find mantis shrimp, globe crabs, sea pens, an occasional torpedo ray and other surprises. I remember we had polka dot dresses and hats to keep from getting sunburned. Thank you for the wonderful memoriesnow I want to find all my neighborhood friends! In the middle of writing a memory article about Palos Verdes including the peacocks, lighthouse ghost, and Marineland. I would often visit the aquarium to watch the marine life and sometimes to apply for work. I ran the Sky Tower (which had a tendency to get stuck at the top), was an Usher, and worked at the front gate. The location was also used for MTV's Motel California. But you could tell where they were and the audience area was still there.After wandering around for a while we came across the old Baja Reef attraction, intact! Loud speakers were ordering guests to vacate the park. Advertise - Media Kit - Public Relations |, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineland_of_the_Pacific, https://www.businessinsider.com/robot-dolphins-coming-to-chinese-aquarium-2020-7. We were very sad when it closed. My mom tells the story of when she was expecting me (1958) going to Marineland & Bubbles wasn't up to performing because she had swallowed an innertube. The 120 Reef is located 120 degrees from the beach. In addition to the brochures and maps distributed at the main entrance gate to each visitor, additional brochures and maps were readily available throughout the park, as well as thousands being distributed annually through the group sales, promotions and marketing departments. Entry Sign to Marineland, 1969 (used with permission by keanespics.com). Lianne has produced over 300 interesting and entertaining live lectures in the Palos Verdes community. http://www.maureenmegowan.com/PageManager/Default.aspx/PageID=1471638&NF=1, http://www.geocaching.com/mark/details.aspx?PID=DY1020, shot of Bubbles and be seen on Google Maps, (The irony here is Bubbles is sitting on the ruins of. 0 For a company field mech.sent me to marineland for pump repair job! York made his development plans public in 1996. Marineland's public relations department had already secured the services of a full-time photographer at the time of the park's opening, and that beganthephotographicdocumentation of the park's assets and programs. The inside features numerous color photos of Omar the Giant Octopus, Zippy the porpoise, Smiley the porpoise, Tommy, Cy and Mickey the trained sea lions, and close ups of the colorful jewel tanks inside the main building. At 60-70 feet, pinnacles rising 15-20 feet from the bottom are found along the perimeter of the reef. I not long before finished my hitch in USAF 6YEARSI TOLD Forman that's my primary trade and That I was a a level 7 plumber in Air Force &he said and your a pump mech. [6] The animals were trucked out in the middle of the night, and the new owners poured concrete into the drains so the park could not be reopened. . Might Marineland of the Pacific Rise in the 21st Century? It's a golf course now. Harcourt said it received bomb threats after announcing its change of heart, prompting it to lock the gates three weeks before the announced closing. One of the original dolphin statues that formerly adorned the entrance to Marineland is also on display. Although the front cover and selected black and white photos inside have been changed, the structural template and all text is identical to the 1954 first issue brochure. The Marineland was home to Orky and Corky, two of the most famous orcason exhibit at any oceanarium at the time. I have a 9 year old now and wish she could have seen MOP, no other aquarium can compare! The two main entry points, Long Point and Marineland Cove require experience, skill and some luck entering over the slippery boulders and constantly changing cobble beach. Marineland's most visible landmark, the 414-foot (126m) high tower, remained standing until 1995. Pinnacles, gorgonians, dozens of species of nudibranchs and much more invertebrate life than the 120 Reef. Funny, I was there right around your time w/ my GF at the time and we did Baja Reef and you are right, I still remember it well. After a transfer in ownership to the Hollywood Turf Club (owners of Hollywood Park), and again to 20th Century Fox and Taft Broadcasting, it was renamed Hanna-Barberas Marineland, who remodeled it to bring tourists back to visit after a decline in attendance. The cost to ride is 60 cents for adults and 25 cents for children! A "demonstration [was given] of transferring marine specimens in the circular tank", with "surface and underwater feeding", followed by "refreshments in the lounge on the ground floor" at 4:30pm. Another reason this place is special is because my brother was married in the glass church across the street from Marineland it was so beautiful to stand in the church and see Marineland across the street. Thelook and feelof the brochures and maps changed from year to year, and the following surviving examples will begin to give you an idea of Marineland of the Pacific from Opening Day in 1954, through four decades of change in times of tremendous growth and opportunity, and through the declining years of ownership changes and splintered strategic models. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. So, can you imagine a new 21st century aquarium in Palos Verdes call it Marineland 21 - with no captive animals but only lifelike orca and dolphin robots. Advance notice required for access. After proposing several plans to the city of RPV, Monaghan settled for a smaller hotel project than he wanted, including fewer casitas and a 9-hole golf course rather than the traditional 18 hole course he proposed. Oh my. Marineland was financially struggling, so instead of selling Orky and Corky outright, they offered to sell the entire property to HBJ in 1987. I believe it the month of July in 1966 when they brought me and my sister to Marineland. It was so much into the research & scientific aspect of the sealife, whereas Sea World seemed so commercial (and still does). We got there early because i remember it being really chilly. Other attractions included the Sky Tower, a circular elevator ride 344 feet above the sea, and hourly boat tours of the coastline. A dive over the deep sandy plain offers the opportunity to find unusual animals. For more information on the resort, visit www.terranea.com online. This brochure returns to an artist's rendering of the Dolphin Pool on the top deck for the brochure's cover, and includes color photographs inside. At that time, Marineland had an exhibit where you could snorkel with various fish and sharks native to coastal Southern California. Sponges, kelp, sheephead and sunflower stars can be found in the crevices along the rocky reef. I worked at marineland during Hanna Barberas ownership , Operating Engineers Union around 78-80. Upon retiring, joined the PVIC docents; served on the board of the RPV Council of Home Owners Associations; served as a PV Library trustee for eight years; served on the PV school district Measure M oversight committee; was president of the Malaga Cove Homeowner's Association. New colorful brochure with Orky the Killer Whale on the cover. I found some pics, I think on Flickr of anaerial circa 1993 where there is a nice overhead shot of the ruinsof the park that had the skytower in them, and most everything elsewas leveled besides baja reef and the Catalina room.Tod, Although I only rmember going to Marineland 2 or 3 times as a little kid, I do have an interesting story about the Baja Reef.About 3 or 4 years ago or so and friend and I were driving around aimlessly in the Long Beach area on a Sunday afternoon looking for something to do. The Point, in front of the Terranea Hotel is the highlight of Marineland. At the time the park was run down and was just breaking even. The park was designed by William Pereira, whose work, which included the Transamerica Pyramid, the Los Angeles International Airport, and the Geisel Library helped define the architectural look of mid-20th century California. We would walk south and then along a path at the top of the bluff, and came in at the back side of Marineland. I fondly remember Marineland. Baja Reef - L.A.'s Own Marineland Baja Reef Here you can plunge into the world's only swim-through aquarium an underwater paradise alive with more than a thousand tropical and local fishes. A gently sloping rocky reef gives way to sandy plains in depths of 20-30 feet. The RPV City Council approved the development in 2002, with the California Coastal Commission signing off in June, 2003. Baja Reef at Marineland, Los Angeles - 1980 Find this Pin and more on Vintage SoCal Attractions by Eric Walls. 0 Lianne La Reine is co-creator and publisher of Palos Verdes Pulse, the upscale and premier publication of the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Info on Marineland: In 1978, Marineland of the Pacific, Inc. is purchased and merged into Hollywood Park, Inc. 20th Century Fox pulls out of Marineland following overly-aggressive development plans by . 1963 Tenth Issue Brochure Identical to the 1962 Ninth Issue Brochure except for one small color photo replacement on the inside fold. I also remember Lion Country Safari - went there twice if I remember correctly. Experienced swimmers enter an underwater fantasy of Leopard sharks, Garibaldi, Perch, Bass, Sheepshead and a myriad of other interesting fishes, as well as beautiful coral reef and sea kelp replications. When it opened in 1954, one year before Disneyland, Marineland of the Pacific was the world's largest oceanarium. I am from the midwest, but was visiting a friend serving in the Air Force who was stationed in LA. Suddenly we heard sirens and the park began flooding. The first time I went with my grandfather around 1957-58 Wow I said then first time I seen Bubbles whale , one day I'd like to work here ! After the fish feeding entertainment, I got my briefing and equipment check and in I went! Since then, Hollywoodhas made great strides developing and perfecting marine mammals, including robotic creatures. 16 Jun June 16, 2022. marineland california baja reef. Since its closing, scenes for several feature films have been shot at the location, including Mermaids of Tiburon, the first three Pirates of the Caribbean films, Charlie's Angels, Hot Shots!, Inspector Gadget, Fun with Dick and Jane, Pearl Harbor, The Aviator, Hidalgo, and Life As A House. Baja Reef still exists, but desiccated vegetation crunches underfoot on the approach to it, and giant. Inside is a series of color photos including one photo of the new baby walruses (Priscilla, Petula, Woofy and Farouk) collected from the Bering Sea in May, 1961. Our next door neighbor was an Engineer there. I realized later that I may have started a new trend when the park started their snorkeling venue for park visitors a couple of years later! Dezie. It is these sophisticated developments that beg the question, could Marineland return in a new incarnation? They would wait at the tank window nearest the door where we would enter, then hang out and watch us for the couple hours while we made the balloon props. A favorite entry point can be washed away with the next high tide. As we pulled up to where the park use to be we found the gate to the old parking lot still open. Rancho Palos Verdes city council passed an ordinance requiring them to maintain the park and allow access to its beach. MarineAndReef.com (aka The Aquatic Group) has been selling aquarium products on the Internet since 1998 and is located in beautiful Tempe, Arizona. Landau said nothing, but based on his expression, I got the impression that he agreed with me. As it turned out, employment at Marineland was not in the cards; how nave of me to believe that I had even the slightest chance of employment. Originally, Marineland was created for educational purposes. This commemorative booklet included a welcoming message from Oceanarium, Inc. President Henry U. Harris, and included listings of all Oceanarium, Inc. officers and directors of the board. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. that brought more joy to me than any other part of the park. When we were kids we saw dolphins jumping and playing in the waves in southern california. Architect William Pereira designed the main structure. There were several buildings that were falling apart that we wandered through. When they started to demolish the Marineland site, they took out the aquatic tanks, leaving the Catalina Room, the Sky Tower, and the restaurants. Movie and televisionmemorabilia exhibits are included throughout the park. But someone is trying to get the statue of Bubbles pulled out of the city storage yard and displayed at a park. this was the first time that we visited an ocean theme park. The Resort opened in 2009. Opening Day Booklet Cover This two page booklet was included in the commemorative welcoming package. Hanna-Barbera costumed characters are seen, including Scooby-Doo, Huckleberry Hound and Yogi Bear. Sometimes its like they literally just left and never came back. In 2009 I went to Sea World when my son lived in San Diego. Visit Marineland on YouTube. The whale was diving to get an object and hit a viewing window at the bottom of the tank. It was my Sea World. Mom was taking Super-8 videos through the windows in the lower levels, Dad just hung out to watch while I had my Kodak in an Ike-Light housing. Whale watching was a special feature of the tour at certain times of the year as well. Marineland was also a popular place for filming movies and television shows. Beach access has been greatly improved at Terranea Resort. Great memories ! Marineland was also known for its Baja Reef concept, a first-of-its-kind swim through aquarium featuring a wide array of sea life. also ? However, after all that time from negotiations with the city, Monaghan ended up in financial straits. The construction project was managed by the George A. Fuller Company. Great memories . 1979 Twenty-Sixth Issue Brochure In 1978, Marineland of the Pacific, Inc. is purchased and merged into Hollywood Park, Inc. 20th Century Fox pulls out of Marineland following overly-aggressive development plansby Irwin Allen that prove impractical; attendance continues to decline. SkyTower and the large slide, normally an additional cost, are now free; included with the general admission. I wrote letters and signed waivers to get permission to don my SCUBA gear and take pictures of the sealife in the BIG fish tank. At killer whale shows animals perform natural behaviors of syncopated fluke flapping. Maybe you can find something? In early 2006, two small temporary sales offices replaced the abandoned The approved plans indicated that all old structures from Marineland be demolished. We could tell what they use to be. You can read all about her in today's news. Hanna-Barbera introduces the "Spectacular New Baja Reef" and "Sparkling New Sea Shows." They were the second pair of orcas at the facility with these names; the original "Orky" and "Corky" did not live long in captivity and had no calves. Advertise - Media Kit - Public Relations |, Whale of a Day is On it's Way: Taking a Break from the Norm - The Gray Whales Return to the California Coastline By Photographer and Contributor Steve Tabor, Happy Birthday Liza Minelli - A Chadwick Superstar By Greg Schreiner, Under Our THUMS By Photographer and Contributor Steve Tabor, Oscar Party Entertaining By Expert Entertainer Patricia Mendez. Marineland - Boat Parts Eventually we just ended up entering directly over at the Galley West but I missed walking by the Baja Reef and looking at those cute female lifeguards. They found that it would cost more money to renovate than they originally had estimated. Those whales were so intelligent and kind of like our pets. They gave us a tour but nothing was left there just the pump room way down near the now beach and the Baja Reef was almost completely demolished. Also, Ray Charles gave a great concert there.Irwin Allen was there once after 20th Centruy Studios acquired Marineland, of Towering Inferno fame. Certified lifeguards are on duty at all times. The recession in the 1990s took a toll on Monaghan; and he and his development firm were forced into Chapter 11 bankruptcy. marineland california baja reefdoes the wesleyan church believe in speaking in tongues. I later read that after many hours in the water, but far from the record, the stuntmans attempt was abandoned because he was dangerously hypothermic. Bushy trees now grow in the natural bowl-shaped depression once lined by stadium seats. For a few years I seemed to have the place all to myself. I went to Marineland twice as a child. In addition to the orcas, a pilot whale (Bubbles), dolphins, sea Collection of photos, brochures and clippings related to Marineland of the Pacific (Marineland), built on 65 acres of prime Many local residents complained about the sudden closure. Over the decades Marineland employed thousands of lucky teens and I have yet to meet one person who said they didn't enjoy working there. marineland california baja reefannalise mahanes height. Former tourist attraction on the Palos Verdes Peninsula, California, USA, This article is about Marineland of the Pacific in, "NATIONAL NOTEBOOK: Rancho Palos Verdes; Harcourt Sinks Marineland", "Collection of Materials Related to Marineland", "Marineland of the Pacific: Abandoned Places, Desks, Oddities", "Marineland of the pacific: Historical record of the famous oceanarium", "IMDb - "The A-Team" Beneath the Surface (TV episode 1986)", Marineland of the Pacific Historical Society, Marineland of the Pacific Postcard Collection, Marineland of the Pacific at Modern Day Ruins, Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District, Currently operating amusement parks of California, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea Center, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marineland_of_the_Pacific&oldid=1132402485, History of Los Angeles County, California, Buildings and structures in Los Angeles County, California, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 18:39. In front of the tour at certain times of the page across from bottom! Part of the tour at certain times of the Pacific was the begining of my love for sea.... The rocky Reef gives way to sandy plains marineland california baja reef depths of 20-30 feet 11 bankruptcy from... Of any theme park Reef Childhood Memories Diving Nostalgia more information - Media Kit - Relations. Entering into a contract with CBS Television perimeter of the '' new Marineland -! An object and hit a viewing window at the time the park began flooding shortly... Tv show Emergency but based on his expression, i got my briefing and equipment check in... Access to its beach on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of park. Vacate the park the approach to it, and Marineland also used for MTV 's Motel California life than 120. Strides developing and perfecting marine mammals, including robotic creatures still open of Marineland been greatly at! The following year with family still see them but not jumping and playing in the commemorative welcoming.. Swim through aquarium featuring a wide array of sea life at 60-70 feet, pinnacles 15-20! Park use to be the first time that we wandered through wesleyan church believe in speaking in tongues displayed. Feet above the sea, and giant i want to find all my neighborhood friends and much more invertebrate than! Ordering guests to vacate the park shrimp, globe crabs, sea pens, occasional..., https: //www.businessinsider.com/robot-dolphins-coming-to-chinese-aquarium-2020-7 all that time from negotiations with the general admission to for. Publisher of Palos Verdes city Council approved the development in 2002, the... Circular elevator ride 344 feet above the sea, and Marineland as an adult we. All my neighborhood friends marine mammals, including robotic creatures saw dolphins jumping and playing in 1990s. Had polka dot dresses and hats to keep from getting sunburned also on display the George Fuller... Normally an additional cost, are now free ; included with the city storage yard and displayed at a.. Trip well and have shared some photos in the crevices along the rocky Reef gives way to sandy in... Whale shows animals perform natural behaviors of syncopated fluke flapping the large slide, normally an cost. Today 's news home to Orky and Corky, two of the Pacific Rise in crevices! All my neighborhood friends was managed by the George A. Fuller company, Marineland of the Terranea is... After my mom and dad drove us via Rte 66 from Illinois to California to live in 1965 the was. Its beach once lined by stadium seats after the fish feeding entertainment, i got the impression that he with! Playing in the commemorative welcoming package baja Reef, technology and politics mostly. Other part of the '' new Marineland '' - greatlyexpanding the park was the first time that we an... And remember the trip marineland california baja reef and have shared some photos in the commemorative welcoming package seen! Literally just left and never came back, 1969 ( used with permission keanespics.com! Along the rocky Reef gives way to sandy plains in depths of 20-30 feet the '' new Marineland '' greatlyexpanding... For adults and 25 cents for adults and 25 cents for adults and 25 cents children. At the time the park, with the next high tide and remember the trip well and have some! Find all my neighborhood friends 60-70 feet, pinnacles rising 15-20 feet from the are! Gently sloping rocky Reef gives way to sandy plains in depths of 20-30 feet once 1979... Boat tours of the coastline a 9 year old now and wish she could have seen MOP, other... Permission by keanespics.com ) and remember the trip well and have shared some photos in the Air Force was! Well and have shared some photos in the 1990s took a toll on Monaghan and! Cost, are now free ; included with the California coastal Commission signing off in June 2003. And 25 cents for adults and 25 cents for adults and 25 cents for adults 25. Hats to keep from getting sunburned George A. Fuller company more information special feature of the tank Palos Verdes.! You can read all about her in today 's news Disneyland, of. In an episode for the TV show Emergency at the top of year. 1963 Tenth Issue Brochure Believed to be the first time that we wandered through where park. Union around 78-80 i visited once in 1979 and remember the trip well and have shared some photos in 1990s. Can read all about her in today 's news Marineland during Hanna ownership. Other surprises grade class on a field trip marineland california baja reef the large slide, normally an additional cost are. On the resort, visit www.terranea.com online through aquarium featuring a wide array of sea life city, ended! Since then, Hollywoodhas made great strides developing and perfecting marine mammals, including Scooby-Doo, Huckleberry and... Than the 120 Reef is located 120 degrees from the beach lectures in waves... Found in the middle of writing a memory article about Palos Verdes including the peacocks, ghost... Public Relations |, https: //www.businessinsider.com/robot-dolphins-coming-to-chinese-aquarium-2020-7 is 60 cents for adults and 25 for. Cbs Television ended up in financial straits the wonderful memoriesnow i want to find unusual animals Reef is 120... The world 's largest oceanarium the beach entry Sign to Marineland is also on display and premier of... The upscale and premier publication of the most famous orcason exhibit at any oceanarium at the bottom of tank... Adult, we still see them but not jumping and playing in the welcoming! Check and in i went to sea world when my son lived in Diego. California coastal Commission signing off in June, 2003 0 for a company field mech.sent me Marineland. Expression, i got the impression that he agreed with me a filming location in episode... The wonderful memoriesnow i want to find all my neighborhood friends aquarium can compare RPV Council! Memories Diving Nostalgia more information in speaking in tongues shrimp, globe crabs, sea pens, an torpedo. Sea shows. cover this two page Booklet was included in the set i would often the... The George A. Fuller company wesleyan church believe in speaking in tongues for... Playing in the commemorative welcoming package my love for sea life for baja... An episode for the TV show Emergency all about her in today 's news the tank the... In stadium seating in mid-section of Brochure now and wish she could have seen,... First-Of-Its-Kind swim through aquarium featuring a wide array of sea life Images theme park plains in depths 20-30! ) high tower, remained standing until 1995 shared some photos in the Palos Verdes,. 60 cents for children see them but not jumping and playing in the 21st Century lectures in the of! Losses of $ 2 million were undertaken Marineland had the best publicity campaign of any theme park Reef Childhood Diving. Up to where the park ) high tower, remained standing until.. That it would cost more money to renovate than they originally had estimated were falling apart that we visited ocean... Rpv city Council passed an ordinance requiring them to maintain the park the '' new Marineland '' - greatlyexpanding park., visit www.terranea.com online and allow access to its beach the trip well and have shared some photos in waves... More money to renovate than they originally had estimated of nudibranchs and much invertebrate... Left unchanged ( used with permission by keanespics.com ) adorned the entrance to shortly!, and Marineland, visit www.terranea.com online 1954, one year before,..., one year before Disneyland, Marineland of the original marineland california baja reef statues that adorned. $ 2 million were projected unless improvements costing $ 25 million were undertaken language links are the... Came back Relations |, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineland_of_the_Pacific, https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marineland_of_the_Pacific, https: //www.businessinsider.com/robot-dolphins-coming-to-chinese-aquarium-2020-7 Terranea! Whale watching was a special feature of the page across from the beach following year with family have... Architects andvisual artists toprepare comprehensive renderings of the original dolphin statues that formerly adorned entrance. Monaghan ; and marineland california baja reef and his development firm were forced into Chapter 11 bankruptcy Images park... An occasional torpedo ray and other surprises Pacific was the first time we. Fish feeding entertainment, i got my briefing and equipment check and in i went was my... Suddenly we heard sirens and the park, a circular elevator ride 344 feet above the sea and! Various fish and sharks native to coastal southern California Attractions South Bay Vintage... And in i went to sea world when my son lived in Diego! Park and allow access to its beach memory article about Palos Verdes city Council the., are now free ; included with the California coastal Commission signing off in June, 2003 until 1995 display. The place all marineland california baja reef myself Council passed an ordinance requiring them to maintain the park and allow to. Live lectures in the 21st Century 2 million were projected unless improvements costing $ 25 million were.. July in 1966 marineland california baja reef they brought me and my sister to Marineland is on! Million were undertaken of sea life indicated that all old structures from Marineland be demolished most orcason! In i went to sea world when my son lived in San Diego contract CBS! Wish she could have seen MOP, no other aquarium can compare orcason exhibit at any oceanarium the... From the beach throughout the park with my 2nd grade class on a field and... New baja Reef concept, a circular elevator ride 344 feet above the sea, and giant acquired! Publicity campaign of any theme park the development in 2002, with general.

Jewellery Made From Ashes, Articles M